프로세스 플로우 다이어그램 해설과 정리 | PFD 읽는 방법과 핵심 비법

haloo flings welcome to channel piping mantra in this video we are going to discuss about process flow diagram you may also know this by different names like process flowchart process flow sheet block flow diagram schematic flow diagram macro flow chart they're going to explain in detail topics like what is PFD its symbols elements information available in PFD and what to include or exclude in PFDs steps you develop VFDs examples of PFD is and its application so let's start there are different types of drawings like Osos flow diagram it shows what a process does then comes piping and Instrumentation diagram P&ID it shows how it works next comes layout point which shows how it looks then mechanical drawing and construction drawings they both shows how to build it now what is a process flow diagram PFD is a graphic representation of a process system that shows the primary process flow path along with equipment piping control walls and major instruments a PFD is a type of flow chart that illustrates the relationships between major components at an industrial plant it is most often used in chemical engineering and process engineering though its concepts are sometimes applied to other processes as well it is used to document a process improve or process or model a new one depending on its use and content also PN ideas are developed based on process flow diagrams now let us go back and talk about its history first this type of diagram hazards routes in the 1920s in 1921 industrial engineer an efficiency expert Frank Gilbert senior introduced the flow process chart to the American Society of Mechanical Engineers that is a SME over the next here's the concept spread through the industrial engineering manufacturing and even business in the form of business process diagrams and information processing in the form of data flow diagrams in other chart types for the process plans generally the flow sheet is split into number of flow sheets to provide comprehensive data on different stages of the process for example number of flow sheets may be produced for following stages like raw material storage reaction separation purification by-product recovery effluent treatment product storage and utilities in the process plant it is often necessary to produce both process and utility flow sheets in these cases the process flow sheet should be divided by process stage as above but it will probably be more convenient to split the utility flow sheets firstly by utility and secondly by plant area now we will discuss about various symbols and elements of PFDs a standard set of diagrams which shows an interest interconnection of process equipment and the instrumentation used to control the process the most common PFD symbols in use today come from following agencies you can find a comprehensive list of standardized symbols from our another video on PN IDs more or less same symbols are used in P IDs and PFDs these symbols are also labeled with words letters and numbers to further identify and specify the components that they representing care should be taken in numbering and naming equipment items on flow sheets these numbers and names will define equipment items throughout the life of the plant and must be an unambiguous brief but descriptive numbers can be pure number or can be alphanumeric to classify the equipment item common classifying little-used are P for pump t for atmospheric tank PV for pressure vessel C for column H for heat exchanger s foster ER F for furnace or fired heater K for compressor k OD for knockout rom no Tempest to show equipment items to scale in the correct elevations or in the current correct relative locations to each other simple symbols are used to represent different types of the equipment items the aim of the flowsheet is to exactly define the essential requirements of the process design and to represent an easily understandable picture of the process stages and controls it does not always represent the physical locations and proximity of each component some of the standard symbols used in the PFDs are shown in the figure the process lines are the lines where the process media actually flows through they are represented by different types of lines as you can see on your screen like normal pipe thermally insulated pipe jacketed pipe cooled or heated pipe and flexible pipe crosses lines are bolder than other lines such as those that represent electric pneumatic or data signals this is how we show a wall connected to a pipe this is a typical - wave all likewise there are typically three way four wave walls are connected as shown on your screens these are different of all symbols wall representation symbols vary player project - project so it is always advisable to refer the legend sheet right before starting to work on pin IDs for better understanding the basic fundamental representation of the walls are shown on your screens right now now valve actuators are usually shown like this we have different valve actuators like manually operated pneumatic actuators pneumatic actuators rotary piston type electrical actuators and hydraulic actuators now let's see some graphical representation used to refer various equipments like pumps and compressors you can see where on your screens various pumps and compressors tanks vessels and drums the picture on your screen shows different types of tank vessels and rounds now for this picture four different type of heat exchangers air coolers heaters etc these are similar symbols used in PN I D so please watch out videos on PN IDs you can see the link of it as suggestions on your screen a typical PFD for a single unit process will include these elements major equipment includes names and ID numbers examples include compressors mixers vessels pumps boilers and coolers process piping moves the product usually fluids between equipment pieces crosses flow Direction control walls and process critical walls major purpose and recirculation systems operational data such as pressure temperature density mass flow rate mass energy balance values often will include minimum normal and maximum composition of fluids process stream names connection with other systems now as we have learnt about what do include in P a P of T is now let's have a look on what to exclude in a PFD typically these more detailed items are omitted like equipment nozzle numbers pipe classes and pipeline numbers relief Falls and safety walls minor bypass walls process control instruments maintenance vents and drains the leaf falls and safety walls controllers like level control or flow control planchas and class code now we use different types of PF tees depending on the level of details required when the diagram needs to show multiple unit processes at a plant it becomes more of an overview containing less detail these are also called block flow diagrams or schematic flow diagrams each block and depict a single piece of equipment or a stage in a process a symbol is usually used to show a piece of equipment and labels illustrate function the process flow is usually shown from left to right line or right to left and show flow direction you can see the basic flow diagram on a screen on the other hand of PN I D of piping and Instrumentation diagram is more technical describing mechanical details for piping it designers electrical engineers instrument engineers and other technical experts who need this detail more than they need process details PN IDs take the conceptual aspects of a PFT and add detail about the equipment process sequence process and utility piping bypass lines instruments Vols prints trains and other items now let's discuss about the steps to develop the process flow diagrams first define the scope of a process to be studied and what you hope to gain second decide on what level of detail is needed for your purposes for a sophisticated process different versions of the diagram may be drawn to communicate with people in different roles third for an advanced process such as at an industrial plant that a search may be done through a project team quality control group or a consultant for a smaller more basic process you might do this yourself perhaps even starting with sticky notes fourth study the equipment activities and relationships through observation and interviews if you are modeling a brand new process study whatever data is available including standards for whatever is being produced in the process fifth draw a draft diagram and confirm it with people involved in the process make any any necessary changes additions or deletions in collaboration with them six be consistent with your symbols to avoid confusion use symbols as we have shown in our earlier part of the video and always use project assigned symbols refer or prepare legend time to time as needed seventh now the diagrams can be used for its intended purpose of documentation Quality Assurance improvement or whatever are the goal they might be if update your PFD as and when required based on information or requirement change now let's look at some process flow diagram examples the very first sheet should always be legend or symbol sheet or may be number of sheets collisions here you can see a typical legend sheet these are symbols for vessel vertical horizontal with boot tanks these are symbols for different type of heat exchangers heaters and flare from an compressor and different types of drivers also show any miscellaneous item this is how we show flow fluid direction of flow arrow with black color filled means it is coming from outside of the building origin and without color filled arrow type X word coming from the same unit by direction fluid are shown as per the symbol you can see on your screens as you already discussed line type used for piping and electrical signals other items like steam traps vent and scope raid should be shown like this different types of walls is shown as such rhombus is added to show stream number for streams like utilities air nitrogen water stream etc process parameters like temperature pressure and flow rate are shown with the help of these symbols how to call out equipment is shown in this picture and this table is used to tag out instruments like a variable stands for analysis D is for flow rate W is for weight similarly D modifier is used for differential later I is for indicate and for output function control is shown by letter C kindly refer RP ni d video along with this to have better understanding of symbols and instruments abbreviations are shown here like SL stands for a safe location at this place of drawing sheet we show title block with project and drawing description here we showed the revision table and purpose of drawing leg issued for design or construction nodes are typically shown here let's see one example of process flow sheet on your screens you can see the diesel storage flow diagram diesel is coming from outside with the help of trucks here you can see the truck host connection in Nome normally close wall from tank to pump and filter to the emergency diesel generators of various location in the plant under this box you can see some equipment of diesel filing unit along with typical vendor provided piping on top of drawing you can see the tag and description of the equipment used in this PFD after all this question arises about its purpose and benefits so let's see a process flow diagram has multiple purposes like to document a process for better understanding quality control and training of employees to standardize a process for optimal efficiency and repeatability to study a process for efficiency and improvement it helps to identify unnecessary steps bottlenecks and other inefficiencies to model a better process or create a brand new process to communicate and collaborate with documents that speak to various roles in the organization or outside of it so that is it guys this is all we can talk about PFDs for today 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